I only found after experimenting around and re-reading the OAuth guide (https://developers.dropbox.com/de-de/oauth-guide) that the Python SDK functions mentioned in the title need the app_key and app_secret to check and refresh access_tokens.
dbx = dropbox.Dropbox(
oauth2_access_token=MYTOKEN,
oauth2_access_token_expiration=MYEXPIRATION,
oauth2_refresh_token=MYREFRESHTOKEN,
app_key=MY_APP_KEY,
app_secret=MY_APP_SECRET
)
...is the only way those functions would work.
I tried plenty of times just with the bare access_token and combinations of the above. If you look at the API documentation one can see that this is needed but for me, as a beginner in Python and especially with close to zero knowledge about the Dropbox Python SDK, it would have been easier if the documentation was a little bit more elaborate about mandatory class attributes.
Anyway besides that little "complaint" I really enjoy the SDK and want to congratulate you for this overall amazing product