I have a very similar issue on an iPhone 15 trying to attach documents from dropbox to Outlook mobile email. Everything worked fine up until about four months ago when suddenly attaching to dropbox started giving the error “Nothing in folder, Looks empty over here“.
Deleting the Outlook mobile app and reinstalling it and repeating the same for Dropbox and reconnecting the two again makes no difference, resetting Dropbox on Outlook mobile app also makes no difference. I checked the Files app on the device and dropbox shows up and is active and all the folders can be seen there, but outlook Mobile appears to be incapable of reading any of them.
I use Outlook mobile with dropbox files constantly, or did it up until this issue happened. This only appears to happen on iPhone, as the same application combination appears to work fine on iPad. I would greatly appreciate your assistance.🙏