This error started after I unlinked Dropbox on my laptop and reinstalled it. Since then, when I click on "Sign in", the "Set Up Dropbox" window that opens is blank, and stays that way.
This is an "old" issue: there are a number of posts in DB Community about this, the most recent that I could find in April 2019. The cause implicated in the various proposed solutions is that the sign-in screen (a browser-like window) evidently attempts to communicate in a manner that some eg corporate networks / antivirus / routers block; so disabling or avoiding or switching those things has fixed the problem in some cases (as does/did disabling "early releases").
As to my own set-up, I have done fairly extensive user-level unsuccessful debugging, including: uninstalling and reinstalling the app; disabling Defender and antivirus completely; doing a clean boot then installing and running Dropbox; connecting to different ISPs / wifi networks; and uninstalling and reinstalling several legacy versions of the app. Early releases wasn't and isn't on.
As it happens I have two very similar laptops, both HP Spectre 360s, both running Windows 10 (same build), both connected to my home network. With the current version of the Dropbox app version installed, I am able to sign into Dropbox on one of them (the "Set Up Dropbox" window displays and works perfectly) and on the other I can't.
I suppose the next thing to try would be to reset Windows, but naturally I would rather not!
It seems very odd that this problem has been occurring and reoccurring since at least 2016 (going by the posts to community forum), for something of rather simple functionality - a window to authenticate the user and collect information from him/her about initial settings. Curious to know why this can't just be rebuilt to go through a browser like everything else!